Lesson 4 of 6 · 6 min read
Sensitive Information Disclosure
Sensitive information disclosure, LLM02 in the OWASP Top 10 for LLM Applications (2025 and 2026), covers personal data, secrets, proprietary information and other users' data leaking through an LLM application. The leak paths include retrieval without authorization, context shared across users, prompt and response logs, caches, fine-tuning data, model memorisation, third-party providers and the answer itself. Controls minimise what enters each path and enforce access before data reaches the model.
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Practise it as an interviewer asks it
What is membership inference, and why does overfitting raise the risk?How should a mobile app store tokens and keys on Android and iOS, and what does hardware-backed storage really protect?How would you detect and investigate an AI security incident?Prompting, RAG or fine-tuning on customer data: how does the security risk differ between them?Where can sensitive data leak in an LLM application?How do you respond to suspected cross-tenant data leakage through an LLM feature?