Lesson 7 of 7 · 6 min read
Hardware Roots of Trust and Key Custody
TPMs support platform identity and measured boot; TEEs, secure enclaves and HSMs can protect non-exportable keys and enforce usage policies. Their guarantees depend on the hardware, configuration and attacker access. Separate resistance to key extraction from authority to use a key. Add narrow caller permissions, authentication or approval where needed, and operation logs. Attestation lets a verifier evaluate key provenance and measured platform state against policy.
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Practise it as an interviewer asks it
Should all data be encrypted at rest? Which threats does it address, and which does it not?Design key management with envelope encryption and a KMS for a multi-tenant service.You are reviewing code that implements its own encryption. What do you look for?When do you need a hardware security module rather than a cloud KMS, and what does each protect against?Design encryption and key custody for high-value model weights.Explain Spectre and Meltdown at a conceptual level. Why do speculative-execution side channels matter for cloud and multi-tenant systems?